光学球面レンズ

ボールレンズ

Name: ボールレンズ
Rating: 4.5 (100 reviews)

ボールレンズは最も単純な光学レンズです。ボールレンズ結像の基本原理は屈折です。光が一つの媒質（空気など）から密度の異なる別の媒質（ガラスなど）に進むと、光の伝播方向が変わります。ボールレンズの焦点距離（f）は、その直径（D）と材質の屈折率（n）に依存します。おおよその式は、f ≈ D / (4(n-1))です。

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ボールレンズの利点

Simple structure and low cost
Strong symmetry

Their optical characteristics are the same from any direction, with no directionality, making installation convenient.
Short focal length and high numerical aperture

They can achieve a high numerical aperture (NA) at a very short working distance, thus converging a large amount of light.
Robust and durable

Compared to complex lens groups, a solid sphere is less prone to misalignment or damage due to mechanical stress.

仕様ボールレンズ

基板材料	H-K9L(CDGM)、サファイア、ルビー、JGS1、JGS2、シリコン、高ホウケイ酸など。
寸法	0.5mm～80mm
直径許容差	通常±0.1mm、最高±0.005mm
球形	0.01 mm (10 µm)、 0.005 mm (5 µm)、 0.001 mm (1 µm)
中心公差	±0.03mm～0.05mm
表面品質	60/40、40/20、20/10、10/5

代表的な応用分野

Fiber Optic Communication

- Fiber Optic Coupling: Used to efficiently couple light emitted from a laser diode into a single-mode fiber, or to couple light from two fibers. This is the most classic and widely used application of ball lenses. - Optical Isolators/Circulators: Ball lenses are used internally for collimation and focusing of light.
Sensors

In some optoelectronic sensors and barcode scanners, they are used to converge reflected light onto the detector.
Endoscopes and Micro-Optical Systems

In extremely confined spaces, ball lenses can be used as miniature objectives or condensers.
Laser Processing

In some low-power laser marking or engraving equipment, they are used to focus laser beams.
Teaching and Demonstration

Due to their simple structure, they are ideal teaching aids for explaining basic optical concepts such as refraction, focal length, and aberrations.